Chapter 5: Propositions and their Grammatical Expression
“The proposition asserts a relation of terms. It consists of subject, copula, and predicate. The terms (the subject and the predicate) constitute the matter of the proposition; the copula which relates them constitutes its form.”
This chapter is all about propositions, what they are and their characteristics. It goes as follows:
A proposition can be modal or categorical. It has the following characteristics: general or empirical, total or partial, affirmative or negative, necessary or contingent, true or false.
Interesting Concepts of Truth
Metaphysical Truth: is the conformity of a thing to the idea of it in the mind of God primarily and in the minds of men secondarily. Every being has metaphysical truth.
Logical Truth: is the conformity of thought to reality; its opposite is falsity.
Moral Truth: is the conformity of expression to thought; its opposite is a lie.
Propositional Forms
Quantitative (Categorical)
A – Tot. affirm.
E – Tot. neg.
I – Part. Affirm.
O – Part. Neg.
Modal
A – Nec. affirm.
E – Nec. neg.
I – Cont. Affirm.
O – Cont. Neg.
The chapter goes on by stating some rules and forms of application of each type of proposition, as well as with some examples.
This chapter is all about propositions, what they are and their characteristics. It goes as follows:
A proposition can be modal or categorical. It has the following characteristics: general or empirical, total or partial, affirmative or negative, necessary or contingent, true or false.
Interesting Concepts of Truth
Metaphysical Truth: is the conformity of a thing to the idea of it in the mind of God primarily and in the minds of men secondarily. Every being has metaphysical truth.
Logical Truth: is the conformity of thought to reality; its opposite is falsity.
Moral Truth: is the conformity of expression to thought; its opposite is a lie.
Propositional Forms
Quantitative (Categorical)
A – Tot. affirm.
E – Tot. neg.
I – Part. Affirm.
O – Part. Neg.
Modal
A – Nec. affirm.
E – Nec. neg.
I – Cont. Affirm.
O – Cont. Neg.
The chapter goes on by stating some rules and forms of application of each type of proposition, as well as with some examples.
Chapter 6: Relations of Simple Propositions
The relations of propositions are four:
Conjunction: mere joining of two or more propositions.
Opposition: they have the same matter (subject and predicate), but differ in form (quality, quantity, or modality, or in two of these).
Eduction: formal process of making explicit all that is implicit in a given proposition; a formal process which never involves a change in value.
Syllogism: it is the characteristic form of reasoning. There are four types: simple, hypothetical, disjunctive, and the dilemma.
This chapter is about each relation of proposition and explains them in a more detailed way. There’s a summary provided by the author in pages 128 and 129.
The following chapters are about each type of syllogism.
Conjunction: mere joining of two or more propositions.
Opposition: they have the same matter (subject and predicate), but differ in form (quality, quantity, or modality, or in two of these).
Eduction: formal process of making explicit all that is implicit in a given proposition; a formal process which never involves a change in value.
Syllogism: it is the characteristic form of reasoning. There are four types: simple, hypothetical, disjunctive, and the dilemma.
This chapter is about each relation of proposition and explains them in a more detailed way. There’s a summary provided by the author in pages 128 and 129.
The following chapters are about each type of syllogism.